Priority inversion is a problematic scenario in scheduling in which a high priority task is indirectly preempted by a medium priority task effectively "inverting" the relative priorities of the two tasks.
Consider two tasks H and L, of high and low priority respectively, either of which can acquire exclusive use of a shared resource R. If H attempts to acquire R after L has acquired it, then H becomes unrunnable until L relinquishes the resource. The use of the shared exclusive-use resource when properly designed is such that L relinquishes R promptly enough that H's priority use is not hindered excessively. In spite of the good design of these two cooperating tasks, the surprising behavior, priority inversion, occurs when any third task M of medium priority becomes runnable during L's use of R. Once H becomes unrunnable, M is the highest priority runnable task, thus it runs and while it does L cannot relinquish R. So in this scenario, the medium priority task preempts the high priority task, resulting in a priority inversion.
Now coming to your second problem, what are the ways to overcome it, it is the solution not a problem to avoid the possible DeadLock so this question does not arise.
